Wushu Festival

Wushu Festival

The Winds of "Shaolin" Rise in the "Center of Heaven and Earth" as the 13th Zhengzhou International Shaolin Martial Arts Festival Kicks Off Tomorrow

The 13th Zhengzhou International Shaolin Martial Arts Festival will be held from October 17 to 22. Martial arts masters from around the world will gather at the "Center of Heaven and Earth" to compete and showcase their skills. The event will feature traditional and innovative activities, highlighting the charm and allure of "Kung Fu Zhengzhou." This information was shared at a press conference held by the Provincial Government Information Office.

### 2,560 Athletes Register to Compete

The Zhengzhou International Shaolin Martial Arts Festival, aimed at promoting Shaolin martial arts culture and fostering international exchange and cooperation, was first held in 1991. Over the past 12 editions, it has grown into a major event. The 13th edition is organized by the Henan Provincial Government and co-hosted by the Henan Sports Bureau and the Zhengzhou Municipal Government, with preparations nearly complete.

This year’s festival will include two traditional activities and five innovative activities. The traditional events are the Shaolin Martial Arts Competition and the Chinese Martial Arts Rank System (International) Evaluation. The innovative events include a collective Shaolin Kung Fu performance, the first-ever Kung Fu Zhengzhou International Combat Championship, the Sino-U.S. Youth Martial Arts (Shaolin) Training Camp, a series of "Wonderful Kung Fu Tours," and a "Cambodian Boxing Revisits Shaolin Boxing" event. Additionally, there will be cultural exchanges and kung fu-related tourism activities during the festival.

As of now, 2,560 athletes from 56 countries and regions have registered for the competition. International exchanges between the U.S. and Cambodia will also take place. Officials from the International Wushu Federation, UNESCO World Heritage Foundation, and other international organizations, as well as diplomats and guests, will attend.

This festival follows the principle of "meeting friends through martial arts and improving together." In addition to Shaolin Kung Fu, various other recognized martial arts styles and routines from around the world are welcome to participate.

The event will offer a wide range of activities, including martial arts competitions, international rank exams, combat championships, Kung Fu tours, and international martial arts exchanges. Additionally, cultural tourism events will be held to enhance the quality of cultural experiences.

### 30,000 Kung Fu Kids Perform at the Welcome Ceremony

Since its founding in 1991, the Zhengzhou International Shaolin Martial Arts Festival has attracted over 40,000 athletes from more than 100 countries, becoming a major international martial arts event.

Martial arts competitions are the festival’s core. With support from the International Wushu Federation and the National Sports Administration's Wushu Department, the event will feature five categories, six major events, and 315 sub-events. Participants range from 82 years old to as young as four. The festival will also host the first-ever Kung Fu Zhengzhou Combat Championship and international martial arts cultural exchanges. All venues, equipment, schedules, and referees are ready.

The festival's welcome ceremony will feature a 13-kilometer-long kung fu performance along the route from Songshan Shaolin Temple to the opening venue, with 30,000 kung fu kids performing. The opening ceremony and artistic performances will take place at a martial arts school for the first time. Themed "Shaolin Kung Fu: The Source, Kung Fu Zhengzhou," the ceremony will highlight Zhengzhou as a global kung fu hub. The performances will include three chapters: “Opening the Gates: Passing on the Martial Arts,” “Standing Between Heaven and Earth: Harmonizing the World,” and “Gathering from All Corners: Inviting the Nation to Martial Arts.” Performers include students from the Tagou Martial Arts School, the Huaxia Ancient Music Troupe from Henan Museum, and the Zhengzhou Philharmonic Orchestra.

### Focus on Youth

This year's festival includes more planned activities and innovative communication strategies, with a special focus on attracting young people. A new Youth Martial Arts Elite Competition has been introduced, divided into Group A (under 11) and Group B (12 to 17). Nearly 1,300 young martial artists will compete in 195 events.

For the first time, a Sino-U.S. Youth Elite Martial Arts Training Camp will be held. In collaboration with the U.S. Wushu Federation, 11 young American martial artists have been invited to participate. Through martial arts, this camp aims to build a bridge for cultural exchange between Chinese and American youth, fostering cooperation and friendship across various fields.

Additionally, the "Source of Martial Arts Songshan: First Kung Fu Zhengzhou International Combat Championship" will be launched. This event will combine traditional Shaolin Kung Fu with modern combat sports, adding both entertainment value and professional expertise. Participants include top fighters from Russia, Brazil, Iran, Thailand, and other countries, enhancing Zhengzhou's influence in the global combat sports community and strengthening the "Kung Fu Zhengzhou" brand.

### Enhancing Cultural Tourism

The festival aims to integrate sports, culture, and tourism with the concept of "sports as the platform, culture as the focus, and tourism as the show." Various events, such as the "Wonderful Kung Fu Tours," the International Combat Championship, central China cuisine tasting, and kung fu-themed cultural products, will promote the fusion of Zhengzhou's cultural, tourism, and sports sectors. Through martial arts competitions and exchanges, participants will demonstrate their skills, share martial arts knowledge, and help promote Shaolin Kung Fu and Chinese martial arts worldwide.

The festival will also enhance cultural exchanges between countries, strengthening Zhengzhou's brand as the "Center of Heaven and Earth, the Hometown of the Yellow Emperor, and Kung Fu Zhengzhou." It will showcase Zhengzhou's new image as a cultural, youthful, international, tech-forward, and service-oriented city.

Regulations of the 12th Zhengzhou China InternationalShaolin Wushu Festival

Regulations of the 12th Zhengzhou China International

 Shaolin Wushu Festival

                   

  1. I. DATE AND PLACE

From October 19 to 24, 2018 in Zhengzhou, Henan, China.

  1. II. PARTICIPANTS

Wushu groups, organizations or individuals from any country or region.

III. COMPETITON EVENTS

3.1. Shaolinquan events

3.1.1. Compulsory events: Quanshu, Daoshu, Jianshu, Gunshu and Qiangshu. Without age classification.

3.1.2. Traditional events:

-Quanshu:

Xiaohongquan, Dahongquan, Xiaoluohanquan, Daluohanquan, Qixingquan, Changhuxinyimenquan, Paoquan, Chaoyangquan, Tongbiquan, Taizuchangquan, Meihuaquan, Heihuquan, etc.

-Apparatus:

Short apparatus, Long apparatus, Double apparatus and Soft apparatus.

3.1.3. Duilian(Without age classification.)

Shaolin barehanded duel, Shaolin weapon duel (including barehanded and weapon duel).

3.2. International competition compulsory events.

3.2.1. Changquan category: Changquan, Jianshu, Daoshu, Qiangshu and Gunshu. (Without age classification.)

3.2.2. Nanquan category: Nanquan, Nandao and Nangun. (Without age classification).

3.2.3. Taijiquan category: 42-form Taijiquan, other compulsory Taijiquan, 42-form Taijijian ,and other compulsory Taiji Apparatus.

3.3. Other Traditional Events (except Shaolinquan events)

3.3.1. Traditional Quanshu

-Taijiquan: Chen-style, Yang-style, Wu-style, Wuu-style, Sun-style and traditional Taijiquan in other styles. They all belong to traditional Taijiquan events. (Please state clearly which style your Taijiquan belongs to in the entry form)

-Nanquan: Yongchun, Wuzuquan, Cailifo, Huheshuangxing, Dishuquan, and other Nanquan events. (Please state clearly the style of Taijiquan which your Taolu belongs to in the entry form)

-Other Quanshu: Xingyiquan, Baguazhang, Bajiquan, Tongbiquan, Piguaquan, Fanziquan, Ditangquan, Xiangxingquan, Zhaquan, Huaquan, Paoquan, Hongquan, Huaquan, Wudangquan, Emeiquan, and other traditional Quanshu. (Please state clearly the name of your Quanshu and Taolu in the entry form)

3.3.2. Traditional Apparatus

- Single Apparatus: Broadsword, Sword, Cudgel, Spear, Pudao, Fan, Dagger, Whip-cudgel, Walking Stick, Staff, Cane, Spade, Fork, Taiji Sword, Taiji Broadsword, Taiji Spear, Nandao, Nangun and other apparatus.

- Double Apparatus: Double Broadswords, Double Swords (including swords with  long tassel), Double Whips (including broadsword with whip), Double Hooks, Double Daggers, Double battle-axe and other double apparatus.

-Soft Apparatus: 9 Section Whip, 2 Section Stick, 3 Section Stick, Liuxingchui, Rope with Darts and other soft apparatus..

3.3.3. Dual Events: Without age classification.

Barehanded vs. Barehanded, Apparatus vs. Apparatus ( including Barehanded vs. Apparatus. ).

3.4 Group Events: Grouped Quanshu, Grouped Apparatus,(Including Quanahu and Apparatus)

Ⅳ. PARTICIPATION  METHOD:

4.1 The number of the athletes and observers of each team is not limited. However, each team can enter with 1 head of the delegation, 1 team leader, 1-3 coach (es) and 1 doctor.

4.2 Each athlete is limited to enter 1 barehanded routine and 1 apparatus routine. Meanwhile, he/she can participate in duel or/and group events.

4.3 Each team may enter 1 team event (Duilian) only. The group shall be composed of 2 or 3 persons. Men and women can be mixed without age classification.

4.4. Each team may enter for 1 group event only. The number of participants should be no less than 6; otherwise it will not be programmed.

4.5.The events that athletes apply must be orderly inheriting martial arts exercise routine or the routine that designated by National Martial Arts Sport Administrative Center. If the events reviewed by the organizing committee in line with the characteristics of wushu, we will orchestrate them in competition, otherwise, we will not orchestrate them.

Ⅴ.COMPETITION METHOD:

5.1. Competition Rules: The competitions are implemented in accordance with the latest version of The Rules of Traditional Wushu Taolu Competition endorsed by the Chinese Martial Arts Association.

5.2 Time Limit of events:

5.2.1 Shaolinquan: Compulsory events should be no more than 70 seconds. Traditional events, dual events and works should be no more than 2 minutes.

5.2.2. International Competition Events: Changquan and Nanquan Routines shall be no less than 1 minute. Taijiquan shall be 3 to 4 minutes. The head judge will blow a whistle at the 3 minutes after the beginning . Taiji Sword shall be 2 to 3 minutes. The head judge will blow a whistle at the 2 minutes after the beginning.

5.2.3. Other Traditional Events: the events,except traditional Taijiquan, shall be no more than 2 minutes. Traditional Taijiquan shall be no more than 4 minutes, and the head judge will blow a whistle at the 3 minutes after the beginning. Traditional Taiji apparatus shall be no more than 3 minutes, and the head judge will blow a whistle at the 2 minutes after the beginning. Action omissions of compulsory routines of Taijiquan or Taiji apparatus will not leads to mark deduction.

5.2.4. Traditional Duilian:

No more than 90 seconds.

5.2.5. Group Events: 3 to 4 minutes, the head judge will blow a whistle at the 3 minutes after the beginning. Accompanying Music is needed; (CD tapes shall be provided by the participating teams.) No vocal of any form are allowed; otherwise the head judge will take off 0.1 point. 0.2 point will be taken off if there is no background music. The team leaders or the coaches will be responsible for playing music during the competition.

5.3. Age groups.

Group A: Under 12 (including 12, born after January 1st, 2006)

Group B: Age13-17 (born between January 1st, 2001 and December 31st, 2005)

Group C: Age 18-39 (born between January 1st, 1979 and December 31st, 2000)

Group D: Age 40-59 (born between January 1st, 1959 and December 31st, 1978)

Group E: Age 60 and over 60 (including 60, born before December 31st, 1958)

Ⅵ. ADMISSIONS AND AWARDS:

6.1.1. Individual event: 20% of the total competitors who participate in each event shall be awarded the first prize, 30% the second and 50% the third prizes according to age groups and gender respectively. The certificates and medals shall be awarded.

6.1.2. Duilian : Same method of awards shall be adopted for Dual Events of 2 persons and 3 persons respectively.

6.1.3. Group event: According to Quanshu events and Apparatus events, (Mixed Quanshu and Apparatus belongs to Apparatus events). 20% of the total competitors who participate in each event shall be awarded the first prize, 30% the second and 50% the third prizes. The certificates shall be awarded.

6.1.4. In those single event, in which less than 6 athletes participate, according to gender , athletes will be merged into the next younger age group for competition.

Ⅶ  ENTRY AND REGISTRATION

7.1. Entries:

7.1.1. Entry Forms must be printed in A4 size paper in duplicate, one copy should be sent to the Organizing Committee of the 12th Zhengzhou China International Shaolin Wushu Festival by post no later than September 5, 2018 (The deadline is according to the postmark of mails arriving in Zhengzhou), and another to be brought with the team as confirmation during its registration in Zhengzhou. The forms also should be sent by E-mail to chuantongwushu@sina.com , zzwushu@gmail.com or zzwushu@live.com.

7.1.2. Please send by post the following iterms together with the entry forms: a copy of ID card, the Waiver of Liabilities, the Life Insurance and the Certificate of Health.

7.2. Registration

7.2.1. Please register on October 19, 2018. The specific location will be notified in due course.

7.2.2. Please inform the Organizing Committee the date of arrival, flight No., train No. and the number of participants before October 5, 2018 by fax or e-mail, so that the reception arrangement will be made.

7.2.3. Port of entry and traffic route

Zhengzhou City can be reached via Hongkong, Macao by flight or train directly.

There are non-stop flights and trains to Zhengzhou City from Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.

Ⅷ. FINANCIAL

8.1. Each team shall be responsible for their own expenses, and please hand it over the committee one time.

8.2. During the competition each team member will be charged as follow:

Three-star hotel

U.S $ 60 per person per day for standard room

U.S $ 80 per person per day for single room

Four-star hotel

U.S $ 70 per person per day for standard room

U.S $ 90 per person per day for single room

The charge includes accommodation, local transportation, competition, activities, opening and closing ceremonies.

  1. Each team member should pay registration fee U.S$ 80 for each person.

Ⅸ. JURY COMMITTEE AND JUDGES:

9.1. The composition and duty of the Jury Committee shall be implemented according to the Regulations of Jury Committee.

9.2. Judges will be selected by the Chinese Wushu Association, further notice.

Ⅹ. CONTACT

10.1. Foreign Affairs Department of Chinese Wushu Association

Contact person: Fu Bo

Tel: 86-10-64912153

Fax: 86-10-64912151

Address: NO.3 Anding Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China

E-mail: iwuf@iwuf.org

10.2. Organizing Committee of the 12th Zhengzhou China International Shaolin Wushu Festival

Contact person: Sun Baohua  Li Fei 

Tel: 86-371-66115629  66115620

Fax: 86-371-66115620  

Address: No.230, Shangcheng Road, Zhengzhou City, Henan 450000, P.R. China, Organizing Committee of the 12th Zhengzhou China International Shaolin Wushu Festival

E-mail: zzwushu@gmail.com

     zzwushu@live.com

Ⅺ. OTHER MATTERS.

11.1. The head of delegations, the team leaders and coaches are requested to attend the Joint Meeting of Organizing Committee and Technical Meeting to be held at 9:00 a.m. (Beijing Time) on October 20. The specific place of the meeting will be informed in due course.

11.2. Each participating athlete shall go through life insurance procedure by himself, and hand in the original insurance policy and copies of the insurance policy to the Organizing Committee when they register. Anyone who does not have insurance is not allowed to participate.

11.3. Costumes, apparatus and training equipments shall be self-provided. Competitors should wear traditional Wushu costumes and Wushu shoes.

11.4. After registration, athletes shall go through physical check made by the Medical Committee and shall be disqualified from the competition if they are found with medical deficiency.

11.5. Athletes should check in within 30 minutes before competition. They will be regarded as abstaining from the competition for 3 times absence on roll-calls.

11.6. All the results of a competitor will be nullified if he/she withdrawal from the competition for no reason.

11.7. After registration, the teams are requested to read the Program carefully. If names or events are found incorrect, a written application should be submitted to the Competition Department by competitors,team leaders, or coaches before 18:00 October 20 (with contact number of the signatory). Having checked by the Chief Registrar, if the appealing content is in conformity with the original entry forms, the amendment will be made; otherwise, no changes will be made. Any personal information does not match with the original registration form for some special circumstances, needs to be changed, signed by the team leader or coach submit a written application to the Competition Department (and indicate the contact telephone), as agreed, to pay $ 30 for each change.

11.8. The Regulations and Application Forms can be downloaded from the websites of Chinese Wushu Association(http//www.wushu.com.cn)and Sports Bureau of Zhengzhou City(http//tyj.zhengzhou.gov.cn)

11.9. Any additional information uncovered in this regulation shall be notified by the Organization Committee in due course.

Ming and Qing Dynasties Henan Shaolin Wushu Study of the evolution of living space

[Summary] dissemination of the Ming and Qing dynasties, Henan Shaolin Wushu living circumstances vary greatly. Ming Dynasty Songshan Shaolin Temple close ties with the government, while the commodity economy after the mid-Ming and commercial activities exist in some insecurity, Shaolin martial arts to stimulate people’s needs, so this period of Shaolin martial arts in the private sector to serve the country and services a broad space for been rapid development and spread eastward in Japan, up to the zenith, Shaolin martial arts can be described as the golden period of communication development. The Qing Dynasty is in contrast to the Government’s Shaolin Temple feel complaints, their

activities to the constraints of its martial arts, Shaolin martial arts for survival and development of the political means to be cut off; later due to China’s modernization factors, the only civilian market is also increasingly atrophy, Henan Shaolin martial arts of gloom and doom from. Shaolin martial arts from the Ming and Qing dynasties the development of two different living conditions can be seen that the rise and fall of Shaolin martial arts with a specific period of political, economic and social factors closely.

[Abstract Title] sports literature and history

[Keywords:] Ming and Qing Dynasties / Henan / Shaolin Martial Arts / living space

With the history of Shaolin temple in the name of that there were several, such as the Songshan Shaolin Temple in Henan, Hebei and Fujian Putian Shaolin Temple Shaolin Temple winding and so on, this article only the Songshan Shaolin Temple in Henan Province and the martial arts as a discussion object. Songshan Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng City, Henan Province is located in the northwest, perched between 5 Ru Feng, in the face Shaoshi Shan (Shaoshi Shan and Tai Room Songshan Mountain collectively known), the Department of the Northern Wei Emperor Xiaowen Wo twenty (496) for placement of Salmonella Ba Tuo was built Tianzhu and to give its ‘clothes for the public to’ ? very high socio-economic status. A result of the monastery at ‘a small room of the Lin’ ? , so as to Shaolin name. And the Shaolin martial arts form lasting bonds with you for two reasons: First, the Songshan Shaolin Temple is located in the deep mountain forest among wild beasts that haunt the troubled times it is banditry channeling volts. Harsh natural environment, which calls for the Shaolin monks must have a strong physique to survive self-defense. Second, where the Shaolin Temple in Dengfeng County, 7 towards the ancient capital of Kaifeng and Luoyang, the ancient capital of nine dynasties, between both the thoroughfare, there Songshan Xianai, troubled times are fought over. Department this environment, whether it is nursing home or a Methodist body, martial arts are essential because local martial arts has become a trend, Shaolin martial arts monks also follow the crowd. ? As the Songshan Shaolin Temple practice favorable conditions, your skills gradually to the superior, so Temple in order to force significantly, Wu to Temple members. Ran legendary Shaolin martial arts in the late Sui and early Tang dynasty. Sui Dynasty, Wang Shichong illegal number, monks Tan Zong, Hui-yang, etc. are owned by the Executive his nephew Ren Tang, Wang Shichong accelerated the demise of, for Emperor Taizong seal Tanzong for large general, frequency down-xi book awards Songshan Shaolin Temple, and thanks to its Bo Gu Chong to 40 ares, Shuinian 1. ? Since then, the Shaolin Temple embarked on the path of cooperation with the feudal government, the Shaolin martial arts also take this rapid development. Northern Song dynasty, the monks invited Fukui National 18 Qiecuo Wushu Shaolin martial arts masters of the General Assembly, and afterwards they sum up, absorb the Ge Jia, combining them with the theory of Shaolin martial arts, while the Northern Song Dynasty to make the medium-term maturity of printing a large number of available theoretical results possible. Shaolin martial arts theory, summary, publication of the Shaolin martial arts spread of the significance of the development of self-evident. Jin occasion, monks and martial arts expert on Jue Yuan Bai Yufeng the Shaolin boxing evolved from the 18 hand-dragon, tiger, leopard, snake, crane five boxing, ? turn Shaolin martial arts took a big step forward. Ming and Qing Dynasties is the Henan Shaolin martial arts in the history of an important period, on the situation in this period, scholars from the perspective of the history of many martial arts are discussed, ? on the Ming and Qing dynasties, however, the Shaolin martial arts and the evolution of living space there is still time to explore characteristics of the room. This paper on this issue to be looked at, the attempt by the Ming and Qing dynasties of Shaolin Martial Arts outlines the evolution of living space, Jie Ming Shaolin martial arts with a particular period of the rise and fall of political, economic, social and relationship between the defects and correction Prayer FANG .

1, Ming: Shaolin martial arts spread of the golden period of development

Ming Tai Zu Zhu Yuan know Buddhism and Taoism two to teach the role of the consolidation of the feudal rule that ‘the Buddha, sen ghosts, secretly helped Wang Gang, Masuyo infinite’ ? . While he uttered not a word regarding himself as a Monk, but as long as nine years (Yuan Shun, who favored to positive four years - twelve years ,1344 - 1352 Nian) ? career for the monks in their heart of hearts generated by the friendliness of Buddhism After all, hard to break away, so self-evident since the beginning, the Government will have added to the Songshan Shaolin Temple favor, and vigorously support. Hongwu the beginning of the Government’s financial constraints under which the still decide to rebuild the Songshan Shaolin Temple, meditation hall renovation, decoration statues. ? Taizu the preferential treatment of the Shaolin Temple, support policies inherited by their children and grandchildren, so the Ming Dynasty Songshan Shaolin Temple and the relationship between the government and the royal family has been very close. Jiajing Sanshiernian (1553) and Sanshiliunian, the Government in recognition of the anti-Shaolin monks ‘Japanese’ Mi disorder of power, two large-scale renovation of Songshan Shaolin Temple and rebuild Chuzu Temple hall. ? Wanli fifteen years (1587), Empress Dowager Ci Banci St. Songshan Shaolin Temple Tripitaka 637 letters, (11) while the Government has given poor food and other immunities and privileges of extraterritoriality. Government support for the development of Henan Shaolin Temple and its martial arts provides a good political environment, which quickly became the Songshan Shaolin Temple monks thousands of giant brake. (12)

In addition, the commodity currencies, after the mid-Ming economic development, commercial activities frequently, but it has also flourished under the many latent social conflicts and crises, such as transport and trade routes was the protection of property that is faced with many factors of insecurity, which in the name of Wen the world of the Shaolin martial arts services, civil society to create an opportunity. Thus, the Ming Dynasty, Henan Shaolin martial arts in the fight for government support, it is also actively adapt itself to the needs of society out of the gate, in serving the country, the dual path of civil service has achieved significant survival and development. A summary of the Ming Dynasty, Henan Shaolin Wushu spread of development are as follows:

  1. Serve the country

Songshan Shaolin Temple, the subject of frequent Feng Shang Ming court in this temple monks grateful. Therefore, when the country needs when they do not hesitate to monastic disciples of the martial arts to serve the country. Embodied in the following areas:

One is the suppression of volunteer army. The peasant uprising broke out, the Songshan Shaolin Temple are often involved in repression. If Masanori six years (1511) 300 Shaolin monk soldiers to participate in suppressing Liu 6, Liu seven uprising, dead more than 70. (13) the other is to resist intrusion. Masanori, when, in order to resist the Mongolian army south, Tsung-Chin Zhou help tune monks guarding the mountain, Shaanxi along the border, imperial seal have mentioned it as tone taking part, but also ordered its integrated military expedition to Yunnan rebel pretty. Because of its distinguished itself powerless in the face praise. Zhou was pregnant with ‘soft’ (as soft system just), ‘flash’ (or so flash oblique), ‘profit’ (the introduction of frustration) three kinds of stunts, known as ‘three strange monk’. Twenty-seven years after the death of Li Jiajing tower, Chik name ‘world opponents, the Church Monk’. (14) The third is meritorious frontier. The middle and late Ming, with the prosperity of commerce and industry, overseas trade frequently. The Government vigorously launched the seafaring prohibition, so that the southeast coast of the merchants engaged in overseas trade seriously affected the livelihood. At a time when Japanese local disputes, resulting in a large number of lonely warrior. Coastal traders and displaced persons in the effective use of Japan’s Ronin (15) to smash Ming Tinghai prohibited. In the course of confrontation with the government, the two sides of military conflicts are inevitable, and its activities, some of the robbers color is also very obvious, so they are also destructive to the southeast coastal region Needless to say, ‘plot bones of the body, such as hills, bleeding into the River’ (16) Although the record is suspected of exaggeration, but can also get a glimpse of, and therefore the Ming court dealt with severely. Drive out in the implementation of the process, because government troops were vulnerable, Jinglian ‘defeated by 37 troupes’. In desperation, Ming government only hopes recruiting and customer soldiers, Shaolin Monks is one of the objects of their recruitment. ‘South by a little’ set: ‘(Shaolin monk) days of the staff travel blending Tianchi, Caigong employment with the use of’, ‘member of the First World War in the days Weng Hong Kong, future battles on the white sandy beaches, more than 250 Japanese thief chopped mow exhaustive . ‘(17)’ Daily Understanding ‘set:’ Jiajing, the Shaolin monk on an empty table by the captaincy 10000 Gyok, Imperial Japanese in Songjiang, its believers for ministry since more than 30 weapons, kill pirates very minority, were killed. ‘(18) shows the Shaolin monk soldiers during the suppression of the so-called’ pirates’ and played a role.

  1. Civil Service

Appeared in the late Ming Dynasty in the ‘China Yang Gilman over the water, vulgar miscellaneous good, multi-Jia Zhi-sheng’ (19) business wave. Order to obtain greater business profits, some businessmen use of the time engaged in commercial lines has become a network of long-distance traffic in addition to blazing the hard way that business, the often encountered on the way to extortion, robbery and even killed other risks. If Hongzhi fifteen years (1502), South Zhili Wu County, Suzhou government servant, businessman YE Xiang and Ji-Ye to Songjiang business, those who commit murder when they were fiscal plans. (20) often unexpected from such risks, so businessmen shudder. Business passers-by to defuse the risk of self-defense martial arts and some businessmen. Mr. Wang Zhenzhong in the ‘Shaolin martial arts with the Huizhou Huizhou and the Ming and Qing Dynasties to repay society’ is an article on the Shaolin martial arts with a combination of commercial activities has been addressed. The paper quoted ‘pregnant with Autumn collection’ in the Wanli period recorded in the South Zhili Xiuning County man is such a pregnant Zong initiative of the Huizhou merchants Shaolin stunts. Zong initiatives, the word red bucket, youth, ‘ancestors 3000 to pay’ orders to go out of their business, natural impulse is to bring money to the Big Dipper, Henan Songshan Shaolin Temple to learn martial arts, under the tutelage of Hung Chi, Hung turn, were like, Zong Dai and other martial arts 10 years, the Shaolin martial arts in particular, are reaching superb stick work. Songshan Shaolin Temple because of the financial resources of a post-exhaustion, fear of blame and fear of his grandfather owned, after the father of Qian Ren back. After their father’s re-financingrelying on his way to Beijing to do business face ring Horse Thief, red fighting the enemy alone dozens of people to safety, forcing the financial resources of Great Outlaws will be returned. (21), another Ming Cheng Huizhou Prefecture Xiuning County businessman is also a martial arts Tianchong strength, often day ‘and the City, Hamby Huo’, night martial arts. Day ‘and various hou brothers try sword school shooting, Qunying salt set, is an examination of the Prancing Horse 3, are consistent in Hu Ge, Henin-Hardenne (Xiuning County in the Western Jin Dynasty Emperor Tai Hong-year period had one Haining - cited by Note) Zhu Wu Yin Xian tongue pushing wheel ‘(22). But not all merchants have these stunts, so to prevent the mishap is the majority of employment Biaoshi peddler practices. Due to a ‘world outof the Shaolin martial arts’ is said, so pregnant with the Shaolin martial arts are often the first choice when traders hiring Biaoshi.

In addition, the mid-Ming various social contradictions and complexity of the increasingly dominant, social unrest, and people’s lives and property can not be guaranteed, a number of bureaucratic Tomimuro often employed as a bodyguard or Jueyi pregnant or nursing homes after the house. If Chongzhen House Shan Zhou, Henan, when made known once the state Historical Records ‘employ less room Monk Training (had raised persons)’ (23), and used as bodyguards. In folk terms for self-defense martial arts is also a trend, when the spring is the result of human Cao ‘Office, bullying the weak and violent widowed village’, for ‘Wei body

exteriors’ (24), learning of the Shaolin martial arts.

  1. Mingyang Japan

Ping ‘Japanese’ War, the famous Chi Chi order to facilitate the training of soldiers fighting soldiers, the ability to short, from the private 16 Shaolin boxing boxing in particular, select 32 positions be combined regimen boxing spectrum ‘punch through’ as a textbook. Book Wanli Dong Chuan, Japan, by Japanese Wushu Jie attention to promote the development of Japanese martial arts. (25) had Wanli Sishiyinian Songshan Shaolin Temple martial arts into a year-long Hangzhou Yuan Yun Chan, Japan, Emperor Go-Sai Wan Zhi-year period (equivalent to Junji twelve - fourteen years ,1658 - 1660 Nian ) The identity of Ming Dynasty moved to Japan, (26) in order to teach boxing and Jiemon Ronin Miura, Isogai Jirozaemono, Fukuno Shichiroemon et al (27). After the Japanese martial arts home in Passing the torch, the lessons Chen Chuan Shaolin Wushu and help you in traditional Jiu-Jitsu. Chen Yuan Yun’s Leg 3 is still being regarded as a Japanese judo

originated, its effect in Japan can be seen here. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download

  1. Writing scene

Shaolin stick is a stick forefront of this trend is a sign of Shaolin martial arts weapons, after the mid-Ming, and Dah-Yu Zong initiatives have made outstanding contributions to its development. Yu Dayou famous master cudgel, with a ‘sword after’ (in this ‘sword’ to ‘stick’ of the meaning). Jiajing he had to the Songshan Shaolin Temple, Shaolin stick work that the ‘mass a long time while the correct and true tactics are lost’. After the request to be abbot of the hill, professors, monks were from the Qing and the S & P cudgel. In Yu’s careful guidance, the two monks superb stick work. After the ‘Pu into a foreign body from the’, but tactics were widely spread Qing-zhen, monks, so that Shaolin stick work refreshing. (28) above Zong initiatives in the Songshan Shaolin Temple martial arts more than ten years, reached a pinnacle stick work, after his learning and experience of his life by summarizing written ‘Shaolin stick work illustrates cases’ a book. (29)

This period and later, summed up the works introduced the Shaolin martial arts continue to emerge, in addition to the above-mentioned Chi Chi’s’ punch through ‘, Yu Dayou’s’ sword through the’ Zong initiative of the ‘Shaolin stick work illustrates cases’, there is Mao Yuan Yi’s’ Wubei Chi ‘in the content, TANG Shun of the’ Wu compiled ‘and the Shaolin monks Hung-turn’ Dream Green Hall marksmanship ‘and so on. Shaolin martial arts and publishing a summary of the theory is a Shaolin martial arts growing maturity. At that time due to technological advances and the engraving, prints the form of widespread use of visual performance was illustrated according to the present study would, as Zong initiative goes, ‘Shuji a high-profile between the situation in plain, Biren people can self-division Cloud ear’ (30), which broke through the Shaolin martial arts mode of transmission constraints on the words and deeds, easy to spread Shaolin martial arts to wider and deeper.

To sum up we can see that due to the Songshan Shaolin Temple and the Ming Government has established a close political relationship, communication development, Shaolin martial arts is not only there is no political obstacles, but also under the aegis of the government to obtain broad political space. The mid-Ming and the active business activities, internal and external problems interwoven social situation, so that the real function of Shaolin martial arts highlight an unprecedented, multi-path communication development, expansion, and thus this period of martial men, theoretical writings and intricate, and traveling at sea, spread eastward Japan, the Shaolin martial arts gradually to flourish.

Second, the Qing Dynasty: Shaolin martial arts, living space on Organization, declining gradually Many early Qing Ming Dynasty Dunji Shaolin, the Qing government Yuanyou in mind this is strictly prohibited monks martial arts, (31) while enhancing its hosted control over the appointment of the provisions of the review must accept the Board of Rites, to Sapporo for the photo. (32) and early Qing dynasties including Tamashi Branch, belatedly Jisho, resulting in lack of food due to the large number of monks to flee, resulting in ‘live Shou no 12’. Eighteen years until the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1679), the Songshan Shaolin Temple is still decadent like, ‘bad trips bee wall, and air court Gou shortage of pheasants’ (33), monasteries messy, near-obsolete.

Although the Qing government was to consolidate its rule, the attitude has changed, which we also add repair, but the alert, there is always fear of the heart. Voluminous historical materials such as the Qing Dynasty, it is difficult Songshan Shaolin Monks ‘battlefield are difficult to financial worries, to defend the removal of Wang Shi’ (34) records, some of the blame only on monks. This is a reflection of the Qing government in this state of mind. Thirteen years as Emperor Yongzheng (1753) rebuilt the Songshan Shaolin Temple, the King Sejong had to denounce the monks ‘more does not observe clear rules, Wang Xing trouble, in order to address the kinds of doors defeat’ (35). Qianlong four decades (1775), Emperor’s also firmly opposed to the governor of Henan Shaolin Monks Xu Ji hired to teach martial arts to the barracks in the practice of art: ‘the monks not only by the monk, shall abide by clear rules, in order to soft insults mainly for the blow How can we allow Xi thorn, good-Yong trying to flaunt? The responsibility to those who have a place to hear it, when trying to nurture, how to switch incur taught, so that sales of its technology or Down? Education and learning the business and in order to soldiers, monks, both non-physical, and people transmission of jokes, Xu Xiao Ji why not do if this. The Chuan Yu Shen ordered, and to make the call addressed to the monk that is sent back row. ‘(36) shown by the Qing government

such mentality, which means the value of the thrust of Shaolin martial arts activities from the political arena fade away, leaving only space for civil society in this activity. Qing Shaolin martial arts to serve civil society, much the same way as the Ming Dynasty, mainly in the following areas:

  1. Bodyguards escort

In the latter part of traditional Chinese society, be regarded as the end of the original concept of the commercial industry, a gradual change in the traditional Si-min Gao Ren, their profits are for everyone to see, and thus become increasingly music career. Ran at the time of the traffic conditions and social security conditions, the business risk is high. For example, when Kangxi to a nickname the old claw thief gang headed by businessmen on the constriction to kill countless buried (37). In order to reduce and resolve business passers-risk, similar to the Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty merchant’s use of countermeasures, some salesmen, martial arts self-defense, but more is to hire Biaoshi case something happens. As the reputation of Shaolin kung fu, going equipped for the Shaolin martial arts were still employed Biaoshi choice. Such as ‘clear copy barnyard class’ contained in the Sun-yu Zeng Xi-Quan Gong Shaolin Temple 17

in Songshan, in the final after the merchants employ their care dart. (38) In addition, the prevailing social security environment, the individual’s life and property can not be effectively protected, social unrest during the more prominent this issue. If there is barefoot in Taihu Lake Qing Zhang San and other daytime robbery, kidnapping and Jin gentry, the rich, demanding huge sums of money, night, burning, killing and intimidation of those who were right Bushi Xiang, so Jin Ju-room gentry were gripped with horror. (39) for the entire life insurance money after the rich businessmen and wealthy landlords, bureaucrats, like, always beware of robbers robbery, often spared no expense to hire a bodyguard martial arts, high-strength view home care homes, you can guess the Shaolin martial arts master’s bodyguards will be of great market .

  1. Civil Communication Arts

Songshan Shaolin Temple held a grudge against the Qing rulers, forcing monks mass exodus. One of the monks or Biaoshi, or coach, or Luocaoweikou or entertainer for a living. Such as the Qing state of Jiading County, Jiangsu Taicang YIP Hung-ju had a decade into the Songshan Shaolin Temple martial arts, in the final after the setting and apprentices, (40) This option is safe and well-paid, is an important way to the survival of Shaolin martial arts. There are also some Shaolin monks living on a street entertainer. ‘Qing Echinochloa class

copy’ contains a Shaolin monks bring believers into the South China Sea, a living selling Quanbang. (41) Songshan Shaolin Temple, thousands of miles away from the South China Sea, in the means of transport developed extremely sleepy times and leisure activities, teacher and student were relying on entertainer bare foot was removed to be within reason, its field-based entertainer, when a certain number of onlookers This approach has played an objective role in promoting Shaolin martial arts. Qing Shaolin monks went so far come to the street entertainer’s Jiongju, reflecting the worth of Shaolin martial arts to the Qing Dynasty after the crash out of the situation when the scenery does not exist.

  1. Fitness Yannian

Shaolin martial arts fitness is a very important social function. According to ‘clear barnyard type copy’ contains a Guzhe to the Songshan Shaolin Temple invited industry to coin 500 thrown Shaoshi Shan monks allowed to look for, look for the rear foot to arts legend. Guzhe secretly to explore, are beginning to have derived from the plot to 499, so desperately search the last one. Day suddenly got his wish, a burst of ecstasy, eyes ton Ming, so by the art away. Another one who also holds the lower limb paralysis health and fitness goals to Temple apprenticeship. (42) to the Qing Dynasty spread Shaolin martial arts, survival of the space, is fading political future, leaving only a passer-by civil society has failed to properly expand, their survival, development space significantly narrower than the Ming Dynasty, ran to the Qing dynasty since the mid - especially the late Qing Dynasty, with China’s modernization caused by social change, in particular, modern transportation, communications, finance and other industries, so that the original narrow spread Shaolin martial arts increasingly squeezed space, more atrophy. Such as the emergence of native and ticket number, customers can pay and display to the associate opened at designated locations are silver, is easy and safe, those who hire Biaoshi dropped, (43) Shaolin martial arts gradually withdraw from the commercial area of bodyguards. Hot weapon on the modern application of widespread, gradual loss of Shaolin martial arts tactical significance, real function of an unprecedented weakening. The development of modern medicine to Shaolin martial arts, fitness room is subject to certain challenges. In the Qing government alienation, constraints, and modernization of factors of exclusion, and squeezed under the combined effect of factors such as the Qing Dynasty Shaolin martial arts, the decline is the inevitable trend. Compared with the Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty Shaolin martial arts is not only all uncommon, and the Shaolin martial arts theory, the quantity and quality of work can not be compared, such as Wu Shu’s ‘arm was recorded’ and CAO Huan Dou’s ‘fist by fist prepared to be’, etc. Most of is a replica of the Ming Dynasty work, which is an indirect reflection of the decline of the Qing Dynasty Shaolin martial arts and less prosperity. Until after the failure of the Boxer movement, many martial arts, technology armed even lost due to neglect.

To sum, the overall development of Shaolin martial arts experience from totally dependent on government support to gradually move toward self-seeking survival of historical process. Integration is to say, out of the temple, service people is a Shaolin martial arts to survive the Ming and Qing dynasties, the development of common characteristics. Ran on the specific terms of the Shaolin martial arts in the Ming and Qing dynasties the survival, development and there a huge difference in the situation. Ming Dynasty is the golden period of development of Shaolin martial arts, this time the close relationship between the Songshan Shaolin Temple with the government, a vast living space. Shaolin Wushu performance of communication development as the main way in order to serve the country-based, service people, supplemented with distinct political overtones. The situation is in contrast to the Qing dynasty, the Qing government and the Songshan Shaolin Temple, the relationship between the relative distance, there are restrictions on their activities to their martial arts, Shaolin martial arts dissemination, development of the political means have been cut off; survival services, the only space of civil also because of China’s modernization of the role of specific factors such as increasing Zhaixia. In particular, in 1928 when warlord warlord Feng Yu-xiang SHI You-three men sent troops burning temple, the fire burn even 45 days and nights, the main temple buildings have been destroyed, (44) Shaolin martial arts have been mistaken for vampires and the pace of decline accelerated, not brilliant. From the Ming and Qing dynasties, Henan Shaolin Wushu development, survival circumstances in Shaolin martial arts, survival, development, and a specific period of political, economic and social factors are closely related.

Note:

  1.  Wei Shou: ‘Wei Shu’ Volume 114 ‘Release the old chi’, Zhonghua Book Company, 1974.
  2. King Day Zhen: ‘said Song’ Volume 21 ‘Sekishi Shaolin Temple’, Kangxi sixties Yue-sheng-tang block-printed edition.
  3. Zhang Weiguo: ‘for lodging Shaolin Temple’, three horses Book Co., 2000, p. 6-7.
  4. Fu Mei: ‘Song Book’ Volume 20 ‘s into two monument Pei Cui "Shaolin Temple Monument"’, Wanli forty block-printed edition.
  5. Zhao Baojun: ‘Shaolin Temple’, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 1982, p. 74.
  6. If ZHOU Wei-liang ‘Shaolin martial arts activities during the Ming and Qing history of rheology’ (containing ‘‘2004 Sports Culture Guide No. 1), Wang Zhenzhong’ Shaolin Wushu and Huizhou, and Ming-Qing Huizhou to repay society ‘(containing’ Emblem Science ‘2005 Vol 3), Xia Weiming ‘Ming Dynasty, the Shaolin martial arts test’ (containing ‘Chinese Wushu ‘2003 No. 9), Artisans’ staging of the development of Shaolin martial arts ‘(containing’ ‘2006 years of Sports Culture Guide No. 9), etc..
  7. the emperor: ‘high and the emperor imperial Collected Works’ Volume 10 ‘On the theory of the three religions’, block-printed edition Jiajing fourteen years.
  8. Gu Ying-tai: ‘History of the Ming chronicle ins and outs’ Volume ‘Taejo revolted’, Zhonghua Book Company, 1977.
  9. Ye Feng: ‘Shaolin Chi Yi-Lin Shan Xi’s "Buddha reload Monument"’, block-printed edition Qianlong thirteen years.
  10. Fu Mei: ‘Song Book’ Volume 22 ‘s into the first four charged Luo "Shaolin Temple reconstruction Chuzu" Record’.
  11. Ye Feng: ‘Shaolin Chi Yi Lin Chen-han’.
  12. King Day Zhen: ‘said Song’ Volume 26, Li-zhen ‘the abbot of Shaolin Temple Exalted gift-run sequence’.
  13. Gu Ying-tai: ‘History of the Ming chronicle ins and outs’ Volume 45 ‘flat Hebei steal’. Reposted elsewhere in the paper for free download.

A Narration for Shaolin Temple

Dear visitors friends, we are going to visit the place is home to the Chinese zen Buddhism-the shaolin temple. The shaolin temple was built in the northern wei dynasty tai 19 years (AD 495) by XiaoWenDi yuan macro for India was tuo and monk settle as the monarch and create, because its less room is located in the thick forest, the name "shaolin temple". The northern wei dynasty XiaoChang three years (527 AD) of sakyamuni Buddha ACTS bodhi dharma and 28 for three years to the shaolin temple, the first zen, the implications are enormous. Therefore, the shaolin temple is the world buddhist collectively referred to as "zen dynasty", and on the basis of rapid development, especially in the early tang dynasty 13 stick JiuJia monk tang dynasty after li shi-mm got great attention, from "the first one province" reputation.

Now not only the shaolin temple for its ancient buddhist culture god mithra kn, more for its excellent shaolin kung fu and known at home and abroad, so today I will take you to experience the this makes us yearning already a long time of shaolin, believe you will regret it. Well, friends now we arrived at the shaolin temple, one of the three big Buddha hall TianWangDian, TianWangDian original building in 1928 by warlords ShiYou three burned. This is in 1982 and rebuilt, outside the house of the two big king kong, biography is "hum", "ha" will be two, duty is to protect Buddhism. Inside the hall plastic is four major Kings, and say four big king kong, their duty is to inspect all behavior of good and evil, and do good earth christen hong DE. People according to the combination of four major Kings characteristics, meaning "the good".

Then you see is halls, halls of the temple is the center building, is on the activities of the buddhist monks in important places, this temple and the TianWangDian as in 1928 by the ShiYou three burned. This is 1985 years of reconstruction. This house is the surface broadly between the five major jehiel mountain type building. House of worship center for earthly Buddha shakyamuni Buddha-left for the past Buddha-east of medicine guru Buddha world net coloured glaze, right for the future Buddha- - -the west of elysium amida Buddha, where those things hanging plastic is gable, 18 arhats screen wall wall hanging plastic is the name. The shaolin temple halls and other temples of the halls of difference in here buddhas of the three periods around each have stood like dharma plastic called the shaolin temple and was the founder of the tight that filed the king. In addition, in the midst of the house there are two large

under column and kylin statues and indicated the zen Buddhism is completely localization of Chinese Buddhism.

Below is the shaolin temple?-the third hall sutra depository leisurely, another name FaTang, built in the Ming dynasty, destroyed in 1928, and rebuilt in 1994, it is the place that the scripture-stored temple monks, said to the collection is yi jin jing, diamond sutra, such as establishment such as palm the mystery of secret powers permission to land. Before the sutra depository leisurely inscriptions many, this also is the shaolin temple "thousands" (tablet more, tower, mural) one of the characteristics. The shaolin temple in the sutra depository leisurely for a Burma countries disciple in 1996 with yi's white marble sleeping Buddha like a statue. The sutra depository leisurely channel east side, have a big iron wok, weight 1300 jins, is the wanli four years (1576 AD) cast, it is said that is the peak temple with cooking. Enough to imagine, Ming ding period, many of the temple monks and stick exuberant.

Good friends, want to continue to understand the culture of shaolin temple and charm you, come with me.

A Narration for Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony

Today, I am going to intrduce Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony to you. It is part of Shaolin Temple’s culture. As we all know, Shaolin Temple has

profound historical culture and becomes known by martial arts which is called Shaolin Kongfu. Speaking of Shaoling Kongfu, it consits of more then 360 different kinds of styles. However, as a matter of fact, there are only 100 of them are being kept in Shaolin Temple now.

Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony plays in the true scenery of Mid-Yue Song Mountain and with total investment 350 millions RMB. It’s a latest ceremony which is in an international top level with magnificent scale and uses real Song Mountain as its background. There are more then 700 Kungfu Monks attend the Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony Performance. There are also more then 2400 lights and the performance ground can accommodates 3000 to 5000 audiences at the same time.

The Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony is divided into several movements to express different stories which are:Wate Music,Wood Music,Wind Music,Light Music and Stone Music. They were made by a famous composer name Tan Dun who is also the composer of two moives which are ‘Hero’ and

‘Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon’.

Zen Music Shaolin Grand Ceremony consists of the sounds of nature. You can feel a good visual sense and sense of hearing. Before entering the performance ground, you will have vegetable dinner with monks in the temple to relax and calm your tired heart, and then, relax yourselves and enjoy the Zen music performance. They also makes very thoughtful arrangement for audiences by preparing comfortable cushion with golden colour for you to sit . With the development of the Zen music, you will be taken to a Buddha state and along the music continuing, you can feel that Buddha exist everywhere, Zen, is around you!

 

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